Original medicine

Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of prenatal screening programs and in the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester

Nigmatullina I.I — 2025-05-08

A comparative analysis of the diagnostic efficiency of the first trimester prenatal screening programs in pregnant women with high and average risk of fetal chromosomal anomalies in comparison with non-invasive prenatal test. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of first trimester prenatal screening programs were determined in comparison with noninvasive prenatal testing and the results of invasive prenatal diagnostics by amniocentesis with subsequent fetal karyotyping by FISH method.

Assessment of intestinal permeability and inflammation in children with ASD and eating disorders

Shamasurov Sh. Sh — 2025-04-28

Microbial changes cause increased intestinal permeability, and the penetration of bacterial fragments and toxins induces local and systemic inflammatory processes affecting distant organs, including the brain [1,2,5,6]. Thus, the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier plays a central role in the microbiota gut-brain axis. In this review, we discuss recent data on fecal calprotectin, an important regulator of intestinal epithelial tight junctions, which is thought to play a key role in maintaining the function of the blood-brain barrier [3,4,10].

MODERN ASPECTS OF RHEUMATISM DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Shaislamova G.S — 2025-05-30

Rheumatism remains an urgent medical problem, characterized by diagnostic complexity and potentially severe consequences for the cardiovascular system. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of rheumatism, considering the latest clinical research.

METHODS OF RESTORING DEFECTS AFTER RESECTION OF LOWER JAW TUMOR WITH CUSTOM-MADE TITANIUM IMPLANTS

Tojiev Feruz Ibodullo ugli — 2025-02-27

The success of restoring a volumetric bone defect of the lower jaw after surgical treatment generally depends on the design features of the implant replacing the defect, the immune inertness of the materials and the features of their interaction with the surrounding tissues. Medical rehabilitation of patients with defects and deformations of the jaws is a pressing issue in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery. Such defects cause significant dysfunction of the maxillofacial organs and disfigurement of the soft tissues of the lower face.

MULTIMODAL REHABILITATION STRATEGIES FOR OCCUPATIONALLY INDUCED NONSPECIFIC DORSALGIA: A BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACH

E.M. Mirdjuraev — 2025-05-30

This study evaluates the clinical effectiveness of a structured, multimodal rehabilitation protocol for patients with nonspecific back pain (NSBP), incorporating occupational risk profiling within a biopsychosocial framework. A total of 333 patients aged 18–60 years were stratified into three occupational groups—military personnel, industrial workers, and sedentary individuals—and
underwent a 6-week therapeutic program consisting of pharmacological treatment, physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and ergonomic interventions. Clinical outcomes were assessed using validated tools (VAS, HAM-A, BDI-II, SF-36). Post-treatment results demonstrated significant reductions in pain intensity (VAS: from 6.4–6.1 to 2.4–2.8), anxiety (HAM-A: from 19.5–16.7 to 7.5–6.5), and depression (BDI-II: from 16.8–15.0 to 12.0–10.8), alongside marked improvements in quality of life (SF-36: from 39.0–43.0 to 66.0–74.0). Strong inverse correlations were identified between symptom severity and SF-36 scores (r = –0.66 to
0.72; p < 0.01), while physical and emotional functioning components exhibited nearly perfect positive correlations with quality of life (r > 0.99; p < 0.001). These findings highlight the effectiveness of CBT-enhanced, multimodal rehabilitation, particularly in high-risk occupational subgroups, and support the implementation of personalized, stratified care models in the management of chronic NSBP.

OPTIMIZATION OF SURGICAL TREATMENT IN CASE OF CLOSED INJURIES OF THE LIVER, SPLEEN AND PANCREAS IN CHILDREN

Kh.A.Akilov — 2025-05-10

Recently, closed abdominal trauma (CAT) occurs in every fifth victim
with combined trauma [4-10]. In surgical treatment of CAT, the operational activity
reaches 88%, which significantly exceeds the operational activity in combined trauma
of the limbs, pelvis, chest and traumatic brain injury. The article summarizes the
results of examination and treatment of 128 children with injuries to the parenchymal
organs of the abdominal cavity aged from 1.5 to 15 years, who were undergoing
inpatient examination and treatment in the pediatric emergency surgery clinic of the
Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care for the period from 2015
2024. The research results allow us to conclude that in children with closed injuries to
the parenchymal organs of the abdominal cavity, it is advisable to use minimally
invasive, endoscopic, organ-preserving interventions.

ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND PATHOGENETIC THERAPY OF DEMINERALIZATION OF HARD TEETH TISSUE IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH EARLY TOXICOSIS

Saidova Nilufar Akhrorovna — 2025-05-08

The relevance of the review article lies in the growing need to assess and analyze clinical manifestations and pathogenetic therapy of tooth demineralization in pregnant women with toxicosis in the early stages. Studies show that changes in mineral metabolism and hormonal balance during pregnancy significantly affect dental health and can lead to accelerated demineralization,
increasing the risk of caries and other dental diseases. Given that toxicosis affects overall health and can aggravate changes in the composition of saliva and oral microflora, it is important to develop targeted preventive strategies that can minimize negative consequences for the teeth of pregnant women

Treatment and reconstruction of benign lower jaw tumors with individually manufactured titanium implants

Tojiev Feruz Ibodullo ugli — 2025-03-14

A complex problem of maxillofacial surgery is the development of methods for surgical restoration of organ integrity and function. Currently, various surgical methods and materials are used to restore a bone defect. Today, in Russia and CIS countries, titanium plates from the "Konmet" company are used for defect plasty after removing a tumor from the lower jaw. Using this
design allows you to place the jaw in the prick and restore the movement of the lower jaw. However, the flat, narrow shape of the implant does not restore facial symmetry, does not allow prosthetics with non-removable structures, and wearing removable prostheses creates great inconvenience. Based on this, it is known that to provide qualified assistance to this category of patients, complex operations are required with the involvement of a group of specialists: orthopedic dentists, maxillofacial surgeons,
therapists, etc. - for subsequent rehabilitation, which determines the relevance of the topic. Objective: The aim of the study is to justify the use of individual titanium implants for benign tumors of the mandible. Research methods and materials: Methods for investigating titanium reconstruction of the mandible necessitated by benign tumors.

Гиперинсулинемия как коморбидное состояние у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких

Фаттахов Рафкат Акрамович — 2025-05-30

Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) сопровождается не только нарушением функции дыхания, но и системными метаболическими нарушениями. Одним из ключевых проявлений метаболического синдрома является гиперинсулинемия — повышение уровня инсулина в крови, которое может предшествовать инсулинорезистентности и сахарного диабета 2 типа.

Modern views on the development of psychosomatic diseases of the cardiovascular system

Kamolova F. E — 2025-05-24

This article presents the causes of the development of psychosomatic diseases and examines the risk factors for their development based on modern technologies. The data of the research literature in Russian in electronic search engines are processed and analyzed cyberleninka.ru , eLibrary in the international Scopus databases for the period 2018-2024.